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Attribute data was commonly in a file or RDBMS. Using specialized file structures (such as node/chain) for handling spatial data was necessary for efficient storage and processing. Also, a database's client/server architecture supports multiple users simultaneously and lets them view, edit, and query the database without conflict.Įarly GISs separated spatial data from attribute data and linked related records through a common identifier. This includes support for SQL and the ability to generate complex geospatial queries. The primary advantage of spatial databases, over file-based data storage, is that they let a GIS build on the existing capabilities of relational database management systems (RDBMS). Like other spatial data formats geodatabases can also be used to serve data directly to web map server software, such as Esri's ArcGIS Server, MapServer and Google's mapping API.
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Arcgis file databases software#
Typically a complete system will also include client software to view and edit the data stored within the database. Within a geographic information system (GIS) a spatial database is one component that can be used to store and manipulate data. However the spatial data in some geodatabases can only be accessed by using specialized client software. Many geodatabases have custom functions that allow the spatial data to be manipulated and queried using SQL, for example to find all the residents of an area within an exposure zone for a potential environmental hazard. Some geodatabases, such as those used by Esri in their ArcGIS software, also include support for storing raster data. A geodatabase record can use a geometry data type to represent the location of an object in the physical world and other standard database data types to store the object's associated attributes. Vector data can be stored as point, line or polygon data types, and may have an associated spatial reference system. Within a spatial database, spatial data is treated as any other data type.